Veille 2.1

Le 25 juillet 2019, la station météo centenaire de Paris Montsouris a battu son record datant de 1947 en enregistrant une température de 42,6 °C. De son côté, la station de la petite ville de Lytton dans l’ouest canadien a enregistré une température record de 49,6 °C le 30 juin 2021. Dans les deux cas, les précédents records de températures locaux ont été largement battus, respectivement de 2 et 5 °C, ce qui aurait été très improbable sans changement climatique d’origine humaine. Comment évalue-t-on les températures maximales atteignables ?

Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes in carbonates and carbon isotopes in organic matter over the Cenozoic—the past 66 million years. We find close coupling between CO2 and climate throughout the Cenozoic, with peak CO2 levels of ∼1,500 ppm in the Eocene greenhouse, decreasing to ∼500 ppm in the Miocene, and falling further into the ice age world of the Plio–Pleistocene. Around two-thirds of Cenozoic CO2 drawdown is explained by an increase in the ratio of ocean alkalinity to dissolved inorganic carbon, likely linked to a change in the balance of weathering to outgassing, with the remaining one-third due to changing ocean temperature and major ion composition. Earth system climate sensitivity is explored and may vary between different time intervals. The Cenozoic CO2 record highlights the truly geological scale of anthropogenic CO2 change: Current CO2 levels were last seen ar